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Acetic acid is the chemical name for the acid in vinegar, known for its pungent smell and sour taste. Also called ethanoic acid, it is a colorless, irritant liquid with the formula CH₃COOH that serves as a metabolite in mammals and is used industrially to produce plastics and chemicals. High concentrations of acetic acid, called glacial acetic acid, can cause burns, while diluted forms, like vinegar, are safe for consumption and other household uses.

Formic acid (CAS 64-18-6) is a strong organic acid with a pungent odor. Most of the formic acid toxicity is from research on methanol as formic acid is a toxic metabolite of methanol. It has replaced inorganic acids in manufacturing and has shown potential use in new energy technology.

Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

Lactic acid is an organic acid. It has a molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH. It is white in solid ... 3CH(OH)CO − 2. Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid.

Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA), is the organochlorine compound with the formula ClCH₂CO₂H. This carboxylic acid is a useful building block in organic synthesis. It is a colorless solid. Related compounds are dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid.